Executive Summary
A paper on mass public shootings by Adam Lankford (2016) has received massive national and international media attention, getting coverage in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, plus hundreds of other news outlets spanning at least 35 different countries. Lankford’s claim was that over the 47 years from 1966 to 2012, an enormous amount of the world’s mass public shooters — 31% — occurred in the United States. Lankford attributed this to America’s gun ownership.
Lankford claims to have “complete” data on such shooters in 171 countries. However, because he has neither identified the cases nor their location nor even a complete description on how he put the cases together, it is impossible to replicate his findings.
It is particularly important that Lankford share his data because of the extreme difficulty in finding mass shooting cases in remote parts of the world going back to 1966. Lack of media coverage could easily lead to under-counting of foreign mass shootings, which would falsely lead to the conclusion that the U.S. has such a large share.
Lankford’s study reported that from 1966 to 2012, there were 90 public mass shooters in the United States and 202 in the rest of world. We find that Lankford’s data represent a gross undercount of foreign attacks. Our list contains 1,448 attacks and at least 3,081 shooters outside the United States over just the last 15 years of the period that Lankford examined. We find at least fifteen times more mass public shooters than Lankford in less than a third the number of years.
Even when we use coding choices that are most charitable to Lankford, his 31 percent estimate of the US’s share of world mass public shooters is cut by over 95 percent. By our count, the US makes up less than 1.43% of the mass public shooters, 2.11% of their murders, and 2.88% of their attacks. All these are much less than the US’s 4.6% share of the world population. Attacks in the US are not only less frequent than other countries, they are also much less deadly on average.
Given the massive U.S. and international media attention Lankford’s work has received, and given the considerable impact his research has had on the debate, it is critical that this issue be resolved. His unwillingness to provide even the most basic information to other researchers raises real concerns about Lankford’s motives.
The paper is available to be downloaded here. A copy of Lankford’s paper is available here.
“The power of this report should convince academic and medical groups to reevaluate all prior statistical studies of mass shootings and the overall public health danger of firearms,” said Professor Arthur Z Berg, M.D., DLF APA, Harvard University emeritus.
Here is a graph that the New York Times put together using Lankford’s data (data on the rate of mass public shooters by country that has not been released to anyone other than the New York Times) and our graph using the corrected data. While the graph with Lankford’s data shows a positive relationship between the rate of mass public shooters and Small Arms Survey measure of gun ownership (it appears to be driven by the outliers of Yemen and the US), our graph implies a slightly negative relationship. Click on Figures to enlarge.
“Because of faulty research, it is widely believed that a disproportionate share – 31% – of the world’s mass public shooters occurred in the United States,” said Professor Paul Rubin, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Economics, Emory University. “In fact, John Lott’s careful analysis of a very large data set – 437 – pages – shows that the proper number is about 2%, less than the U.S. share of world population. One can only hope that this important research will correct the record.”
Professor Carl Moody, College of William & Mary offered the following: “This is an important paper. The assertion that the US is responsible for 31 percent of worldwide mass shooters is patently absurd. Anyone who doubts the veracity of Dr. Lott’s analysis is welcome to download, for free and in Excel format, the entire Global Terrorism Database (https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/contact/). There they will find, with a simple back of the envelope calculation, that worldwide since 1970 there have been 58,445 mass firearm attacks. Of these, 402 have occurred in the United States. The US is, according to the GTD. responsible for less than one percent of all mass shootings (0.69 percent) since 1970. Dr. Lott’s calculations are much more carefully done, but Professor Lankford’s analysis is clearly not in the ballpark. Also, social scientists seldom have laboratories. Replication is the only way to verify claims. Any academic who refuses to share his or her data for replication purposes deserves to be shunned.”
“I am not interested in giving any serious thought to John Lott or his claims,” he said in response to an email seeking comment. . . .
This is an amazing response from someone who has refused to provide even the most basic data to other researchers. After reading our study or looking at Appendix 1 listed below, people can judge for themselves the appropriateness of Lankford’s response.
Appendices 1 and 2 for our research on mass public shootings around the world are available here.
Appendix 1 Foreign Cases (451 pages)
Appendix 2 US Cases (10 pages)
Excel file for International Mass Public Shootings
They lied or distorted the data?
I’m shocked. Shocked!
Well, not that shocked.
The United States is, by a long shot, the global leader in mass shootings, claiming just 5% of the global population but an outsized share — 31% — of the world’s mass shooters since 1966, a new study finds.
The Philippines, Russia, Yemen and France — all countries that can claim a substantial share of the 291 documented mass shootings between 1966 and 2012 — collectively didn’t even come close to the United States.
And what makes the United States such a fertile incubator for mass shooters? A comprehensive analysis of the perpetrators, their motives and the national contexts for their actions suggests that several factors have conspired to create in the United States a potent medium for fostering large-scale murder.
After Thousand Oaks shooting, picture emerges of a troubled ex-Marine known to authorities
Those factors include a chronic and widespread gap between Americans’ expectations for themselves and their actual achievement, Americans’ adulation of fame, and the extent of gun ownership in the United States.
Set those features against a circumstance the United States shares with many other countries — a backdrop of poorly managed mental illness — and you have a uniquely volatile brew, the new study says.
Perhaps no single factor sets the United States apart as sharply as does gun ownership, wrote Lankford. Of 178 countries included in Lankford’s analysis, the United States ranked first in per-capita gun ownership. A 2007 survey found 270 million firearms in U.S. civilian households — an ownership rate of 88.8 firearms per 100 people. Yemen followed, with 54.8 firearms per 100 people.
Across the world, countries’ rates of homicides and suicides bore no clear relation to their likelihood of mass shootings in Lankford’s analysis. In several countries with sky-high murder rates — Mexico, Venezuela and Nigeria for instance — mass shootings were extremely rare.
Glen, did you actually read the report shown here? I am not sure what the point of repeating Lankford’s previous claims is unless you deal with the criticisms.
So, when confronted by data that do not conform to his thinking, ‘Glen’ can only resort to parroting the now-highly-doubtful Lankford study.
Typical.
Uh, yeah, but NO!
You either can’t read, or refuse to, because it will prove your assertions patently false.
Glen is clearly delusional.
Lankford’s response reminds me of the global warming theorists ‘believe us or we won’t even talk to you’. Thank you Dr. Lott for your tireless work to set the record straight. Now if we could just get this data widely publicized.
Anytime one refuses to defend ones own work, it certainly brings to light ones own doubts about its validity and veracity. It begs the question of his sources, his citations, and his motives – – which obviously did not include accuracy.
A couple of thoughts occur to me.
First, let’s look at the actual US numbers of victims of mass-shootings. A couple hundred deaths per year. On a par with the number of accidental drownings. Each death is a tragedy, whether by gunshot or drowning. But, these numbers are not on a scale worthy of attention when we have 10,000 1-on-1 or 1-on-few homicides or 22,000 suicides.
Second, never mind the fact that the number of US victims of mass-shootings – or – the number of drownings are negligible compared to other causes of death. The real jeopardy we should be concerned with is the POTENTIAL for much larger numbers.
How concerned ought we to be that the number of drownings might rise from 200/year to 2,000 or 20,000? Can you figure this one out? Can we extrapolate history into the future to form a rational prediction? How concerned ought we to be that the number of mass-shootings might rise from 200/year to 2,000 or 20,000? Can you figure this one out? Is there a potential for this number to rise at an exponential rate?
Perhaps we really ought to be worried about the potential for an epidemic – even a pandemic – of mass shootings (even though we aren’t justified about drownings.) Why could this be so? Should we be concerned by the jeopardy of a huge rise in the number of crazy individuals? How about terrorists? How about individuals who – while acting alone – are motivated by some common concern – political, religious, economic?
Little imagination is required to see the potential for a rapid rise in mass shootings. What could be done about it? Is it possible to eliminate the artifact – the scourge of man’s inventive nature? How did that work with alcohol Prohibition? Drug prohibition? How difficult/easy is it to hand-craft guns? To manufacture guns on a small scale? How well developed is the black-market for guns? As long as there is a demand, will guns be produced, imported or stolen to supply this demand? If the black-market for guns is well-lubricated, is it available to meet a surging demand by terrorists?
What might we – American society – do about this jeopardy?
The answer MIGHT be found in Lott’s study. Why is America’s rate so much lower than that of the other countries he has studied? This is counter-intuitive. Our market is awash in guns for civilians; there is nothing like it in any other country! Maybe it’s something in our water; or air; or diet. Culture?
Or, is it captured in Akinyele Omowale Umoja’s book title: “We will shoot back”. Anyone contemplating a mass shooting in America recognizes the fact. Americans will shoot back; Americans CAN shoot back. This simply isn’t the case in most other countries (with few exceptions such as Israel).
Can Americans see through the jungle of facts and arguments to identify the antidote to mass-shootings? That prophylactic that serves to keep America’s rate low; that which is most likely to prove successful in preventing an epidemic, and more importantly, a pandemic.
Can you explain to me why you are referring to shooting as if it was a virus or bacteria that can be “cured”? Shootings are NOT an illness of any kind. Using an unappriopriate dictionary like this undermines the sense of discussion, becouse it gives off completely wrong idea.
And if you wish to find your “antidote” simply ask police in cities like Boston : “Why are you letting shooters go free?” Most of the people shooting or attacking are not arrested, as long as the victim is not critically wounded. Executing the law is the best method to fight crime.
He’s not really “referring to shooting as if it was a virus or bacteria that can be cured.” He’s postulating that as a possible opposition argument (one that we have already often seen made), then destroying it.
you lay it out so well , keep preaching brother keep preaching
If you read the book “Understanding Post-Modernism,” you will understand why he doesn’t share his data. The new philosophy does not believe in data, it is considered a biased weapon used in the struggle for power, not a collection of objective facts. He sees himself in a competition for the domination of his ideas over yours, with no regard for conventional norms of reality.
One way to thank Dr. Lott is to support his work financially… just sayin….
Yes – a box to donate has popped up multiple times. Always suspicious.
It sounds like you don’t know what the word “suspicious” means. Or you’re a paranoid.
It is an aphorism in the scholarly community that you can prove nearly anything you want if you are allowed to cherry-pick your data, but you can prove anything at all if you are allowed to make you data up entirely. Dr. Lott’s data are available to everyone to see, and they are as inclusive as is possible, so he can hardly be accused of either sin.
How about Prof. Lankford? We can’t know if he doesn’t share. And he hasn’t.
Hmmmm.
From Kellermann to Bellesiles to Lankford, anti-gun researchers seem to have this curious behavior of refusing to let people see their data. The reasons are obvious.
I spent an entire career — nearly 40 years — in broadcast journalism. I do not care whether the reportage on crime, especially gun crime, comes from print or broadcast media. In the general media the information will almost always be slanted against the 2nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the right of individual Americans to keep and bear arms for sport or personal defense, and against those individuals who exercise that right as being somehow deficient in proper citizenship.
Jeebus, the 2nd literally doesn’t say that. Good lord. That said, I am all for arming people who look like me to the fullest extent possible. I assume you will support that, since it’s legal.
Pursuant to a well organized militia – amazing how gun advocates always leave that out.
Militia being legally defined as all able bodied males between the ages of 16 and 60.
As has been pointed out MANY times in the past, that part of the sentence is to show the NEED for ALL the populace to be armed. The right is not limited in any way to those actually PART of such a militia.
And it doesn’t say “well organized” either. It says “well regulated”, which does not mean formally organized, only in good working order.
Amazing how gun grabbers always leave those out.
“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”
It would be absurdly redundant for the government to say it is has a right to have a military, considering that’s it contingent upon having one. It is obvious that this is not so as it says the PEOPLE have a right to keep and bear arms, not the STATE. It would also not be a FREE state if the people could not be able to repel a state through armament, especially their own in the case with the american revolution. The foundation of the american state is based on the people being armed to be able to form a militia. A militia being a non government actor in defense, composed of armed, unprofessional citizens. And in regards to “well regulated” the language back in the framing meant “in working order” not “federally controlled” as the modern usage implies.
On the grander scale, what matters is not the semantics of the 2nd amendment, but it’s legislative intent. It is no coincidence it is the 2nd amendment is one of the first to appear in the constitution. It was seem as one of the most important factors in being able to retain what was “gained” from the revolution. Many of the founders talked about “the tree of liberty needed to be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants” for this very reason.
Factually, Story (1833) SC Judge wrote to explain that the 2nd is THE Palladium of all Rights. Without the 2nd there are no other Rights. While most don’t grasp the fact, order in the BoR is meaningless.
The 2nd Amendment does not say “a well organized militia”. Its says “well-regulated militia”. This term “well-regulated” was a commonly used description for something that was properly calibrated, working properly, and functioning as expected. In other words, the right to keep and bear arms shall not be impeded by government.
Modern day anti-American Marxists enjoy attempting to re-define this term to justify imposing an ever-growing stack of laws that attack the ability for the individual to exercise their 2A right. And yes, I used the term “individual” purposely as the Bill of Rights are ALL written for the individual. The 2A is not some outlier that applies only to a group (i.e. a militia).
So your “amazing how gun advocates leave that out” comment shows just how insincere or how ignorant you are. It’s one or the other so which is it ? My guess is the latter.
No we don’t. We just know it does not mean what you imply. Private citizens that could be called to serve in the militia, had to have their own military grade weapon, prior to joining the militia, as the government armed active duty military, not these militias. The militia was self organized and civilians had to have their own military grade weapon to be able to form a militia! “…necessary to form a militia…”.
You inadvertently just pointed out the greater fallacy the left tries to use to ban ‘assault weapons’. Which is a nonsense term, supposed to imply military grade, but we all know those have been illegal since the 30s! A few people attain the specialist licensing to own full automatic weapons. The licenses are arduous to attain, and it would take law enforcemnt a matter of seconds to track these people down if their weapons were used that way!
The Second Amendment protects our right to defend ourselves against our government, and invaders, not just to hunt, and self-defense! And denies progressives the ability to disarm us. So I’ll just keep my guns, thank you!
Run this again with numbers through 2017.
I’d like to see how what happened in Las Vegas will change your numbers.
Statistics, surveys, polls, and your opinion have no bearing on the inalienable rights of the people.
Las Vegas will do little to affect number of shootings — it was one shooting. It will affect number killed by mass shootings.
there were 50+ killed in Vegas and 500 wounded, in mass killings around the world since 2015 there have thousands of people killed, just add up the killings in Europe. Go into countries in the middle east with all the bombings they do in markets or anyplace large #’s of people gather and you will see it rise into the thousands real quick. These are thyou can easily look up .
Can’t count the Mideast numbers – war zones are a different situation. The discussion is of mass shootings in “peaceful” countries.
To pick specific years is not research, it’s dishonesty. By picking specific years you can show everything you want.
I’m looking at your data and it’s mostly terrorism / armed insurgency activity. Good on you for sharing your data, but I don’t think it gets to the thrust of the “crazy guy shoots up normal citizens” argument. America is so awash in guns that crazy folk can access guns and take lethal action with ease. The violence shown in your stats isn’t of that variety. Who knows what’s in Lankford’s data. He should release his too.
Either way, both of your data sets end in 2012, excluding all of the record-setting mass shootings of the last eight years.
Dear True Brian:
You might want read the paper. Do you want to exclude the Pulse Nightclub, Ft. Hood (first attack), San Bernardino, Chattanooga, Sikh Temple, and other attacks would also clearly be classified as terrorist attacks? If you do want to exclude them, could you please explain why? The paper also says what the results are even if you cut out all the terrorist attacks: 709 shooters in foreign countries over the 15 years, compared to the 202 that Lankford says he was able to find out over 47 years.
Why don’t you read the report, the countries with worse rates then the US are either war zones e.g. Afghanistan or countries with a homegrown terrorist/insurgent problem, e.g Algeria, Nigeria, Pakistan or countries with a rampant crime problem e.g South Africa.. do you really want to compare those countries with the USA. When you compare the statistics with the rest of the Democratized world the statistics make for chilling reading..
Not that anybody on here or Fox News will care to read the report!
There are 61 countries with higher murder rates from these mass public shootings. This includes Russia, Norway, Finland, and Switzerland, with rates that are all at least 45% higher than the US rate. While some of these are war zones, most of them are not, right?
You haven’t a clue as to what your talking about. Russia alone, though have gun laws more strict than England, has a murder by gun rate that is almost 5 times higher than the United States. Do some actual reading then come on back and we can talk…,
Dr. Lott,
Why does your study include data from terrorist activity? Your 451-page list of “mass shootings” from around the world is almost entirely composed of terrorism, while the list of American fatalities is only directly related to actual mass shootings – angry white American (probably mentally ill) men who open fire on civilians in public places.
It does not take a paper (albeit self-published through your own non-profit foundation & pandered to Fox News & I’m sure many other similar echo chambers) to know that there is less terrorism in the United States than in many other developing nations.
Have you submitted this paper to any journals for peer review & publication, other than the obviously friendly critics you’ve cherry-picked to include on this site?
Dear True American Patriot:
I realize that you haven’t read the research, but you might want to do so. Do you really want to exclude the Pulse Nightclub, Ft. Hood (first attack), San Bernardino, Chattanooga, Sikh Temple, and other attacks would also clearly be classified as terrorist attacks? If you do want to exclude them, could you please explain why? The paper also says what the results are even if you cut out all the terrorist attacks: 709 shooters in foreign countries over the 15 years, compared to the 202 that Lankford says he was able to find out over 47 years. Thanks.
What are your criteria to differentiate between a “terrorist attack” & a “mass shooting”?
Again I am just a normal civilian providing armchair criticism, so I am curious to know what other academics have reviewed your paper & if you seek to publish it in any journals.
Again, I am not sure why you simply don’t want to read the paper. Here are two of the relevant discussions.
“Our primary source is the University of Maryland Global Terrorism Database (GTD), which collected data on over 170,000 terrorist attacks from 1970 to 2016 (Global Terrorism Database, 2017 and LaFree et al, 2015). The GTD defines terrorist attacks as “the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimidation.” The database lists attacks that were carried out using everything from firearms, incendiary, knifes, bombs, vehicles, chemical, biological, or radiological weapons. They divide their attacks into six categories: 1) Terrorism; 2) Insurgency/Guerilla Action; 3) Other Crime Type; 4) Intra/Inter-group conflict; 5) Lack of Intentionality; and 6) State Actor.
The only categories that sometimes meet our criteria for mass public shootings are “terrorism”, “other crime type,” and “intra/inter-group conflict.” Government sponsored or directed/ordered killings (the “State Actor” category) are completely excluded. We then reviewed each case using Nexis and web searches to determine whether they met our definition (exactly the same as Lankford used, minus insurgency-related shootings). Less than 50% of the terrorism shooting cases identified by the GTD met the definition of mass public shootings. Including insurgency-related shootings identified by GTD would have increased the number of foreign mass public shootings by 208, from 1,448 to 1,656, and would have reduced the United States share of these attacks to 2.53%.”
“Lankford argues that are “functionally” the same. Both types involve premeditated attacks that aim to kill and wound as many people as possible because they know that the more people they harm the more media attention they will receive. They also involve the same type of planning, such as picking targets that aren’t able to defend themselves. “
“Again, I am not sure why you simply don’t want to read the paper. ”
Possible because actually doing the homework tends to debunk one’s favorite “common sense solution.”
Please pardon my amateur analysis of your data (less than 30 minutes effort)… but here I go. (abbreviation RoW == Rest of World)
Examined data provided in Excel sheet. If you eliminate the cases where the number of perpetrators > 2 {which eliminates militant groups, terrorist organizations (roughly)} and focus on individual or lone wolf type perpetrators, the U.S. rate is 21.8% of the world (331 U.S. vs. 1185 RoW). This points to two things, 1) U.S. is a safe place in terms of armed groups being able to effectively operate and cause damage, 2) the ability of 1-2 people or to cause massive damage is massively out of proportion in the U.S compared to RoW. Following this through considering population density, within the U.S. the rate is 5.8x higher than RoW (331 deaths/264.5Million people (U.S.)vs. 1185 / 6185Million people (RoW) which is 1.116 per million (U.S.) vs. 0.192 per million (RoW)).
I realize the point Lott is making is ‘mass-shootings’ but the discussion is really more pointed towards attacks by smaller groups. As I don’t know where gun control is pervasive across the world, I wonder if you looked at those countries – again eliminating militant if the proportion gets worse or better. Also, in countries where there is gun control, is there a higher percentage of militant / terroristic activity.
Thanks for the data and your analysis.
Dear DRcc:
You might want to look at the paper. If you eliminate all cases with over 10 shooters, you end up with 3,081 shooters, or an average of 2.3 shooters per attack. This might be helpful. Out of our 1,448 cases, news reports provide of the number of killers involved in the attack in only 380 instances. In 98 cases, a lone killer was identified, that is 26% of the cases that list a number of attackers. Another 42 attacks had two killers and 27 had three, so that indicates 44% of the cases where the number of killers was identified had between one and three shooters.
Are you saying being killed by 1-2 people is somehow worse than being killed by 3 or more people?
“For Lott, the actual data shows that the mass shooter problem in the U.S. is far from being a unique American experience. His question remains how the media and a president was able to get away with pushing a botched study published in a “low-rank journal” despite criticism.” (From news article)
Lott’s question – indicated in the paragraph above – is actually very easy to answer. The first thing one has to point to is Lott’s unstated premise: that the media and the then president were seeking to disseminate facts and truth. That premise, at best, is very naïve. In fact, it is laughable.
That premise is completely false. Neither the media nor the then president had any interest in facts or truth. They had (and have) an agenda. It is, essentially, a socialist agenda. And the completion of that agenda requires that the American population be disarmed. Therefore, ANYTHING that can be used to forward that agenda, whether true, partially false or completely false, is acceptable.
This is so because what passes for an “ethical standard” among socialists is whether an action “serves” the socialist cause. If it serves the socialist cause, it is considered “good”, even if it is based on a complete lie. In fact, lying is encouraged if it “serves” the socialist agenda.
And this explains the second part of the question. A bogus AND criticized “study” is published in a “low-rank journal” because it is a “study” that was “made to order”. The “purpose” of the “study” was to generate completely false “statistics” that could then be used by the propagandists (the media and the then president) to “push” a line condemning the American practice of gun ownership. As part of that effort, they (the propagandists) would be in charge of publicizing the “made to order” fake study after the stooge got it published in a second-rate journal that either lent itself or sold itself to the propaganda effort.
This is completely in synch with the methodology used by the socialists to disseminate propaganda, especially propaganda based on outright lies. The process begins in “academia”. I use the term loosely. It actually refers to charlatans who are stooges of the people who pull the strings. They generate the “studies” and the “papers” that push a particular propaganda line and “document” them with bogus “facts” and “statistics” to create the impression that their garbage is somehow “valid”.
These “studies” are then published in different venues. Some, with not so obvious falsehoods, can be published in “reputable” venues controlled by “academics” who share the socialist world-view. Others, especially those with outright unsustainable lies and fabrications, are published in second-rate journals who suffer little from a disclosure that they published (as in the case of the Lankford “study”) garbage. That is what they normally publish anyways, so nothing much changes.
Once published, the media picks up the cue. The socialist politicians, notified in advance of what was coming, are also ready for their part of the dissemination effort. They “turn on the heat” and start pushing the line, “citing” the alleged “study” as the “source” and imbuing it with a false credibility. The idea is to use the disguised garbage to push a specific policy or legislative initiative.
The next step is to activate the “street dogs”, the fascist “Sturmtruppen” or stormtroopers on the streets, to start generating violence and destruction based on the propaganda line unleashed by the media (and in this case, the then president). This is where the fascist lapdogs of Antifa, for example, and other similar organizations, come into play as part of the propaganda continuum.
And so, we see the sequence: academia – media/politicians – fascist “Sturmtruppen”, all lined up by a democratic party that has been taken over by the “democratic socialists”, the new “cover name” for communists.
Nothing is new under the sun. Same dog, different collar. Take away the swastika, replace it with a jackass. Same thing. Next!
Perhaps Adam Lankford suffers from ADDS, thus we should all pray for his mental health. ADDS, Agenda Driven Data Syndrome, is becoming all too common. The possible reasons include poisoning by chemtrails, flat-Earth mentality, 5G exposure, or an overall dysfunction of one’s neurotransmitters as a result of uncontrolled hate and fear. 31% of ADDS sufferers are addicted to conspiracy theories. 31% of that 31% learn everything from Youtube “documentaries”.
This data is based upon extensive research, which I am unwilling to share due to fear of retaliation by Illuminati.
Hahaha. Glen, you’re repeating debunked statistics. Are you stupid or something?
I downloaded the paper and looked at the list of 89 countries. I have a couple issues with the list; only 10 developed countries made their list of 89 and they kept several countries that were sites of war during those years on the list. When comparing ourselves to the other developed countries, with 1 being the best and 10 being the worst, we rank #8 for most number of attacks per 100,000 people and #7 for most number of people killed per 100,000 people. The first five countries added together on both counts equal our numbers. We can do better.
Carl Moody’s statement of only 402 USA “Mass Shootings” since 1970 (49 yrs.), needs to be called out as totally RIDICULOUS, since in the first 7 months of 2019 there has already been 251; or on track for an annual count of 430 for this year ONLY. Did the prior 48 years just disappear??
There is a difference between mass shootings (which involve overwhelmingly drug gangs) and mass public shootings (where the attacks were solely done to kill other people and these are the cases that we see on then news), though if you read the paper, you will understand this. Are gang fights over drug turf important, sure, but the causes and solutions to solving them are dramatically different.